Mesquite Trees in Arizona

Mesquite trees belong in Arizona. As Jay Sharp, editor and author for the website DesertUsa.com, expresses, "the mesquites symbolize our Southwestern deserts" as much as "the Coyote, the Black-tail Jackrabbit, the Western Diamondback, scorpions, the Saguaro and prickly pear cacti." Indeed, mesquite trees in Arizona are "as blended into the life of the land as cornbread and tortillas." (Lometa)

Perfectly Adapted to the Desert

Mesquites are very hardy desert trees, having adapted over the centuries to life in the desert landscapes in and colse to Arizona. All of their physical characteristics ensure their survival here, along with their foliage, their bean pods, and their root systems. They grow well in full sun and high temperatures, but will also tolerate the cold while Arizona's winter (down to 0º Fahrenheit). They are sometimes found in rather high elevation and will adapt to shallow rocky soils. According to reports by the U. S. Division of Agriculture and Forest Service, a mesquite tree can live for more than two centuries. (Sharp)

Mesquite trees in Arizona can survive in areas that receive very puny rainfall because of their grand root system. The lateral roots of a mesquite tree reach out many times farther than its canopy. They also have very deep tap roots that can dig for a drink as deep as 175 feet below ground level, though a depth of 50 feet is more typical. So, they simultaneously have entrance to water both at the very top and lowest layers of the soil.

The tiny waxy leaflets of mesquite trees retain precious moisture by minimizing the moisture lost through transpiration. They are deciduous trees, meaning they offer exquisite shade while the summer but drop their leaves and allow the sunshine through while the winter for warmth. while extreme drought, they will diminish transpiration even additional by prematurely dropping their leaves.

The mesquite tree is a member of the legume house (relatives of beans and peas), which makes it especially adapted to an arid environment. Mesquite trees have the potential to fertilize themselves and surrounding plants through a symbiotic connection with colonies of soil bacteria. The bacteria that inhabit mesquite tree roots convert or "fix" atmospheric nitrogen, development ready in the soil this mineral that is necessary for the growth and germination of plants. Many gardeners apply this same process to enrich soil by planting nitrogen fixing cover crops. (Sharp, Schalau)

Mesquite trees in Arizona are amazingly prolific. Their beans, encased in protective pods, are very durable. In fact, "A seed left undisturbed in its pod can stay viable for up to 40 years." (Clayton) Animals play an important role in the scarification of the seeds (needed for germination) and dispersal through fecal matter.

Appearance

Mesquite trees are easy to identify, finding almost like a giant fern bush. They can reach a height of 30 feet, but the average mesquite tree growing wild in the Arizona desert is about half that size. Many have manifold trunks. Under the harshest of conditions, the mesquite will look as if a bush more than a tree. Their subject buildings is often very twisted and jointed, adding to their personel uniqueness. In the spring and early summer, they display clusters of finger-shaped protuberances covered in tiny delicate flowers. These are followed by the formation of the long, thin bean pods, which are regularly a shade of brown but vary in appearance between species. Many types of mesquite trees have thorns of some kind, which can either be very short or monstrous in distance (and all are horribly sharp!).

Three Arizona Mesquite Tree Natives & Their Cousins

There are about 40 mesquite varieties found worldwide, but three species are native to the state of Arizona. They grow not only in the Sonoran desert, but also in the Mojave and Chihuahuan deserts. Their range is astonishing, spanning tens of millions or acres from western Texas to California, from Mexico to southern parts of Utah. They can thrive in a great diversity of habitats as found within the range described. (Lometa, Sharp)

The three mesquite tree species native to Arizona are:

Prosopis glandulosa - known as the honey mesquite or Texas Mesquite. These regularly have a weeping form, and can be quite pretty. Prosopis velutina - known as the Arizona mesquite or native mesquite. Also called the velvet mesquite because of the soft hairs that cover young growth. They are rather shaggy and snarled in appearance. They are popular in nurseries, and will grow well on lawns and golf courses. Prosopis pubescens - known as the screwbean mesquite, earning its name from the spiraled or coiled shape of their seed pods.
Besides these three, there are many other types of mesquite trees that grow in Arizona. Many are hybrids of the honey, velvet or screwbean mesquite, occurring mostly where the respective ranges of these native species overlap. Others are nonnative mesquite species, most originating from South America. There is the Argentine mesquite (Prosopis alba), the Chilean mesquite (Prosopis chilensis), and numerous other varieties and their hybrids. No nonnative species will be as excellent to the atmosphere here as the mesquites that are native to Arizona. For example, the Chilean mesquite does not seem as tolerant of the lower winter temperatures in Arizona.

Botanical Foes

Despite their many safe bet qualities, mesquite trees are determined by many as an invasive weed. In many countries face of North and South America where they have been introduced they have been extremely invasive and troublesome, especially in Australia.

The mesquite tree is cursed by inhabitants of our own Arizona desert as well. Cattlemen especially dislike them, but the overgrazing of their herds over the past merge of centuries has exacerbated the very qoute that they complain about, which is the mesquite tree's competition with grasses. In an area that is overgrazed, cattle not only threaten the populations of the natural grasses that compete with mesquite trees for water, but they also help the mesquites spread by eating and dispersing the seeds. As Frank Dobie puts it, "The white man sowed with over-grazing; he is now reaping thickets of mesquites that are stabbing millions of acres of land into non-productiveness." All efforts to thwart or control this stubborn native Arizona tree have all failed and been deemed impractical or ineffective. either by fire, herbicide use, or physical tree removal of various means, the costs and environmental side effects of trying to control the population and spread of the mesquite have made it a qoute with no easy solution.

Sharp reminds us: "Uninvited guest or welcome neighbor, the mesquites belong to the desert.  They evolved in the desert.  They play a core role in the desert ecosystem." (Jay Sharp)

Historic importance and contemporary Uses

"Over the past any centuries, no one plant has probably played a greater and more vital role in the lives of humankind in the southwestern United States than the short stature, crooked mesquite." (excerpted from The Magnificent Mesquite by Ken E. Rogers.) Indeed, the mesquite trees strewn across the Southwest have assuredly saved numerous lives. They provided the "manna from heaven" for the suffering men of the 1841 Texas Santa Fe Expedition, as recorded in the journal of George W. Kendall (also quoted by Rogers). The beans are sweet and nutritious, and more protein-rich than the soybean. (Lometa)

Another food that comes from the mesquite trees in Arizona (though not directly) is honey. The swarms of bees that are strongly attracted to the mesquite flower's nectar do more than just fill their important role as pollinators, after all. This, however, does not unblemished the list of foods derived from the mesquite. Even their sap has been utilized as sweet gum or as black dye.

'Pinole' is made by grist the pods, with or without the beans still inside. It can be used as four or, because of its sweetness, as a condiment or spice. This mesquite flour is said to be salutary for diabetics, because it is sweetened by fructose, which the body processes without insulin. This is just one example of the many digestive and nutritional advantages of the mesquite tree and other foods of the desert that has been discovered. (Lometa)

Various parts of the mesquite tree have also been used as remedies for many different ailments by the Indians and settlers of the frontier era. Examples of the ailments that the mesquite tree helped to ease or heal are: diarrhea, dysentery, colic, flesh wounds, headaches, unwell eyes, and sore throat.

The wood, bark and pods of mesquite trees are popularly used for barbecue and for other purposes. The dry wood burns slow, hot and with very puny smoke. It has an unmistakable aroma. Some insist that burning the pods along with the charcoal and wood chips make the flavor even richer. (Lometa) besides for heat and for cooking, the wood has been used for the construction of Spanish missions, colonial haciendas, ranch houses and fencing. (Sharp) The Native Americans used the hard mesquite wood for spears and arrowheads, and the bark of the mesquite tree for development baskets and fabrics. The thorns were used as needles. Today the wood is artistically necessary for development furniture or statue because of its sometimes dark colors and beautiful gnarled patterns.

Of course, mesquite trees in Arizona are beneficial not only to humans but also to our wildlife. Animals use the mesquite as shelter, habitat and food. In the late summer and fall, mesquite beans make up as much as 80 percent of the coyote's diet!  The bean pods also can serve as fodder for livestock when the grasses are inadequate.

Maintenance, Problems and Treatments

Though mesquite trees in Arizona do not wish much maintenance, the specimens growing colse to our homes could advantage from a puny extra care while unusually hot summers or times of extended drought. Sun-scorch is one of the very few problems that can plague mesquite trees planted as part of landscaping, though they are not as susceptible to this as are citrus and other fruit trees in Arizona. Infrequent but deep watering and occasional fertilizing will help ensure that the mesquites colse to our homes do not suffer a decline of condition and beauty.

During years when Arizona receives plentiful rainfall, mesquite trees do not need extra watering. However, in times of drought, the leaves will come to be sparse and allow more sunlight through to the branches. This is exacerbated by the need in the city to keep mesquite trees thinned out to survive storms and heavy winds, so as not to cause damage to homes and other structures. If the bark is exposed to too much intense sun, sun-scorch may occur, especially where the sunlight is most direct (i.e. On the top of horizontal branches at midday). Sun-scorch causes permanent damage to the cambium, or the sapwood layer underneath the bark. The cracked bark and dead tissues resulting from severe sun-scorch can lead to secondary infections and infestations, such as bark beetles and a fungus called 'sooty canker'.

Sun-scorch on mesquite trees in Arizona can be prevented but not undone. Reflective paint on the most vulnerable branches will minimize a mesquite tree's chances of being sun-damaged. Branches already affected should be removed back to a subject with salutary tissues. The best way to prevent sun-scorch is to encourage leafy growth to safe the tree during the hotter part of the year by some watering and by light fertilizing. Give the mesquite trees ammonium sulfate once in the springtime. Unless already fed by drippers or sprinklers (whether in your own or in a neighboring yard), water them deeply every two months from early spring to early fall. If the monsoons bring enough water, skip deep-watering while this period.

A mesquite tree that is planted in someone's yard may not be as hardy as the volunteer trees growing wild in the desert. Most likely, a nursery-grown mesquite tree planted for landscaping purposes has spent some time in a pot. The more time any tree spends in a pot, the more likely it is to come to be root-bound. An impaired root ideas makes for a mesquite tree that not only struggles to receive what puny water they need to thrive, but also is more prone to falling over because their 'anchoring' is not as sturdy. John Begeman says, "Try as you may, it is impossible to get a wobbly tree to anchor in the ground. By putting up stronger stakes and wires, righting the tree when it falls over, [...] you are just prolonging the inevitable. [...] The best thing to do with an unstable tree is to get rid of it and start over with a salutary specimen." Please refer to his description entitled take off Wobbly Mesquite Trees [http://ag.arizona.edu/gardening/news/articles/17.29.html] for more data on the subject.

If nothing else, I hope that this description on mesquite trees in Arizona increases some Arizonans' appreciation for this native plant as something that undeniably belongs in this desert we call home.

"Primroses burn their yellow fires

Where grass and roadway meet;

Feathered and tasseled like a queen,

Is every old mesquite."

-J. Frank Dobie

Bibliography

Begeman, John. "Remove Wobbly Mesquite Trees." Arid-Southwestern Gardening Information. Sep 2003.

Begeman, John. "Sun-Scorched Mesquite and Palo Verde." Arid-Southwestern Gardening Information. Mar 2000.

Clayton, Robin N. "Velvet Mesquite Tree." Arizona Highways.

Dobie, Frank J. "The Mesquite." Arizona Highways. Nov 1941.

Lometa. "Mesquite (Thing)." Everything2. Aug 2002.

Shalau, Jeff. "Respect the Mesquite Tree." Backyard Gardener. Jan 2007.

Sharp, Jay W. "The Mesquite: Something that Belongs." DesertUsa.

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How to Do Carotid Sinus Massage

Cardiac emergencies are never limited only to the ischemias or in other words myocardial infacts, but they also have distinct kinds of rhythmic irregularities like atrial flutter or atrial tachycardia. The crisis service team or for that matter anyone who has learnt some techniques can contribute a first relief from the ill symptoms by doing something called as carotid sinus massage, which is also used as a diagnostic tool. In this article, we will try to discuss the assorted features of the same.

The procedure involves rubbing the large part of the arterial wall of tasteless carotid artery, at the point where it divides into its two main branches, in the neck area. Sinus here means an area situated in the blood vessel, that is the bigger than the rest of the vessel, something like a balloon. This is a natural and general dilatation of this blood vessel, placed in the neck just below the angle of the jaw. If one rubs this area it in turn stimulates the area in the arterial wall rich with nerve endings. This nerve stimulation responds to the changes in the blood pressure and the heart rate can slow down as a result. Thus it is used to ease the symptoms of atrial flutter or tachycardia, where the rhythm goes for a toss in a rapid succession. It is believed to stop the arrhythmia completely. It is also known to relive the ache of angina pectoris.

To give the carotid sinus massage, the outpatient is asked to lie down with his neck fully extended and the head turned to the other side to expose the neck area completely. This procedure is always done under a heart monitoring though electrocardiographic monitoring device. The carotid sinus is touched moderately and massaged to see either there is any change in the electrical action of the heart. If none, the pressure is increased more firmly with gentle rotating motion. The procedure is repeated on the other side as well, but never on both sides at the same time. The procedure does not require any preparing nor does it require any after-care.

Though it does not require any preparing on the patient's part, the physician who is performing the procedure should be sure that there is no evidence of carotid arterial blockage. If there is, it would make the outpatient prone to getting a clot dislodged causing a stroke due to blocking some important blood vessel supplying the brain.

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Personal Responsibility: Bloom Where You're Planted

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What tulip care should you use to articulate your tulip orchad after tulip petals droop and wilt? The tulip blossoming period is gorgeous - and swift. Your orchad may show blossoms in early, mid or late Spring, from early April to late early June. Most tulip flowers bloom for about two weeks before the petals curl up and wither.

Tulip bulbs are time engaging to plant and nurture. Some exotic bulbs are costly. However, tulips can bloom again next year, if you articulate them correctly. You can save extra money in the fall, as well as the time and attempt to replant a new tulip garden. If you want to regrow your tulips, the best gardening convention is to "deadhead" those wilted tulip flowers. Why is this important?

Bloom Energy

When the tulip petals fall from the flower, a seed pod is left on the stem. The tulip plant will continue to feed the seed pod by extracting nutrients from the soil. Since the flower won't bloom again, the seed pod robs the tulip bulb of the energy it needs to regenerate. When the pod is removed, the plant draws energy from the environment and stores it in the tulip bulb. So, if you remove the seed pod, you give the tulip bulb the chance to renew itself.

Deadheading a tulip flower is easy to do. Naturally take a pair of orchad shears and snip off the seed pod about one inch below the seed pod on the tulip plant. Once you have removed the flower from the plant, leave the rest of the vegetation alone. Allow the plant dry up and turn brown naturally. Don't even water the plant. After the leaves turn yellow or brown, prune the vegetation down to the dirt.

If you keep the tulip bulbs underground, they will remain dormant until the fall months. In July, you can dig up the bulbs, shave their roots, and allow them to dry. Place the bulbs in a plastic bag and ice them until fall planting season. Allow the tulip bulbs to warm up to room temperature and then replant them.

Despite the best care, tulip bulbs do not always grow back again the following year. Many bulbs will re-flower for one-to-two years. However, the tulips will be smaller and have less vibrant colors. Make sure to replenish your garden. Buy and plant more bulbs in the fall, at a density of five bulbs for every quadrilateral foot of orchad space.

Get the best prices on tulip bulbs by pre-ordering them in late spring and summer when nurseries offer a sale on bulbs. If you want a specific tulip species, you will receive a best chance of getting it, if you pre-order. Many on-line orchad centers guarantee your order and hold your shipment until the planting season in September. If you wait to order your bulbs in the fall months, you may pay more and the flowers you want may not be available.

Practice good tulip care. Prune and deadhead your tulip plants at the right time. You can get a jump start on next year's garden.

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I often observation when visiting gardens the great quantities of Daffodils and other early bulbs that we plant to herald in the spring. But how do we ensure we have a great display each year?

The early flowering bulbs

Bloom Energy

Quite a few seasoned gardeners have had their first horticultural "experience" by the planting of a few Daffodil or Tulip bulbs, thus spurring them onto more adventurous plantings. At the end of April the very early flowering bulbs will come to the end of their blooming season. This group of early bloomers includes Daffodils, Hyacinths, Bluebells, Crocus, Snowdrops and early Tulips. All these bulbs will flower well for any gardener the first growing season but for them to bloom well the following seasons we must give them some care.

Dieback not tieback

All bulbs leaves must be allowed a minimum of six weeks after flowering to die down, so if these bulbs are planted in a lawn that area of lawn must remain uncut for six weeks. Refrain from tying your Daffodil leaves in knots to neaten their appearance, also avoid folding them over and securing with rubber bands. If the bulbs leaves are plainly allowed to die back then they will take in the energy for next years flowering. I would also advise nipping off the spent flower heads on bulbs once flowering is finished, this will prevent the bulb using vital energy for seed output instead using all that energy to bulk up its food store for next season.

Don't forget to feed

The final tip for blooming bulbs next spring is to feed your bulbs, this is especially leading if you have a hungry soil. Apply a foliar feed to the fully emerged leaves before the blooms start to form. Select a general purpose purpose liquid feed.I would also advise you to feed your bulbs just as the blooms have faded with a granular bulb fertiliser applied colse to the bulbs base. This is the most leading feed they will receive. Ensure this feed has a higher potassium or potash content than nitrogen content. Apply according to the manufacturers instructions and heed safety warnings.

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Never take for granted the small signs of algae in your water system: algae multiply swiftly that they can almost swathe the entire pond or lake and, worse, destroy the pond and its inhabitants.

These tiny plant-like organisms grow drastically in any water features, whether on fresh water or maritime environment. The rapid growth of algae is popularly known as algae bloom. The existence of phytoplankton species can aggravate the growth of algae. Algae bloom can manifest anytime, particularly while summer or spring, and thrive in any places where water is copious such as wetlands and waterways.

Bloom Energy

Algae are part of the natural aquatic ecosystem. They contribute food and protection to fish and other maritime organisms. They help the aquatic ecosystem from getting adequate nutrients and filtering heavy metals. There are almost 3,000 species of fresh water algae found in Australia alone, but the number of undiscovered species is continuously rising.

Most types of algae furnish blooms that can be whether useful or toxic. Blooms produced from diatoms promote the condition of the aquatic ecosystem. However, most algae blooms are determined "detrimental" to the life of fish and water. Harmful algal bloom or Hab is the term used by scientists when referring to toxic algae.

Algal bloom is a natural phenomenon that can be a culprit for the destruction of industrial fisheries and natural water systems. There are 300 reported species of micro algae that furnish astronomical mass of algal blooms. inevitable species can turn clear water into red, brown, yellow, or green, generally known as red tides. Red tide happens when there is unbalanced number of petite algae Karenia brevis or formerly known as Gymnodinium breve. Experts believe that red tide is triggered by high temperatures and insufficient wind and waterfall.

Harmful algae can be very harmful for they emit toxin that influence maritime organisms and the water itself. Untreated and uncontrolled algal bloom can bring gigantic problems to industrial fisheries, resulting to economic loss in coastal communities. Habs can paralyze aquaculture operations and influence the livelihood of fish farmers.

Otherwise, harmful algae bring much problems to maritime life and humans. Some toxic species are responsible for discrete diseases such as loss of memory, stomach cramping, sickness, paralysis, and worse, fatality. Once consumed or direct touch occurred, humans and animals may get serious diseases and may also lead to death

Scientists have not traced yet the exact causes and solutions for harmful algae bloom. The threats of algae bloom to industrial fisheries and social water systems have spurred panic among pond and fishery owners. The notorious algae bloom has been a global problem. There have been documented cases of Hab over the world. In recent years, Habs have been found in areas that they had not thrived before; while most Habs are causing turmoil to large, dense areas. Whilst, there are rare cases wherein algae bloom tend to behave, but they suddenly became untamed and caused problems.

When small signs of algae infestation arise, you must be equipped with tools and water rehabilitation products to prevent algae from coming.

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Bloom Energy, ever heard of it? Until recently, most population hadn't. At seven hundred to eight hundred thousand dollars, it is no surprise that the average individual does not have much knowledge about this product. Ebay, Google, FedEx, and many other clubs have been using this alternative energy source though, and with determined results.

Bloom Energy, founded by K.R. Sridhar, has created small fuel cell boxes, which they call "Bloom Boxes". Two of these small alternative fuel boxes have the ability to power a household in the United States, and in countries that use less energy, one may be enough. These boxes are about the size of a thorough brick, and must be contained a larger unit, about the size of a refrigerator. These units could be stored surface the house, and would help contribute clean, cheap energy.

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Colin Powell, who sits on the Bloom Energy board of directors, talked up the company 60 Minutes. The company has also had indispensable backing from investors such as Kleiner Perkins, totaling nearly four hundred million dollars in funding.

It is the hope of K.R. Sridhar that some day every home in the United States will be run off of Bloom Boxes. Unfortunately, with a six frame price tag, that time is not here yet. He does believe that in the next five to ten years, he will be able to get the price down to about three thousand dollars, which is more more realistic for the average American.

An estimated one and a half billion population currently live without electricity. That is nearly a quarter of the world's population. Bloom Energy may be a way to fix this problem. Bloom was listed by the World Economic Forum as one of twenty six company models that could not only expand the global economy, but also have a determined impact on people's lives.

There is still a lot that is not known about this clubs plans. They have a very simply catch phrase, "Be The Solution". It seems straightforward enough, and very level forward. The cloud of strangeness should be lifted soon, as more and more facts about the Bloom Box is reveled.

With a five to ten year time frame for your Bloom Box, how can population start salvage on energy now, while also helping the environment. The simplest way is to switch to an Energy assistance Company, or Esco. This is ready to population in deregulated states, such as New York, Texas, and Illinois.

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Review

You Have The Right To Choose!
Around the country, many states are in varied stages of deregulation. This means that the government is stepping in and breaking up the energy monopolies, giving the consumer a opening that they have never had before. If you are in Ny, you have the right to choose your New York energy company.

What Changes?
Chances are that if you are in New York, your current energy supplier is whether National Grid or Con Ed. They have probably been your energy supplier for as long as you can remember. They have created the energy, delivered it to your home, handled the billing, and taken care of your customer service. When you take benefit of deregulation in New York, only one of those things changes. The energy that your home uses will come from a dissimilar place. That is it. Your current supplier will still send your bill every month, deliver the energy to your home, deal with customer service, damaged lines, all that they do now, minus the actual creating of the energy.

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Who can You Switch To?
When it comes to choosing a New York energy company, you have some options. The companies that you are choosing from are known as energy aid companies, or Escos. Each company has it's own pricing, terms and conditions, options to pick from. Some require contracts, while a pick few do not.